Ben Shneiderman, Codex, Memex, Genex: The Pursuit of tranformational technologies, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 10(2), 87-106
Abstract
Handwritten codexes or printed books transformed society by allowin gusers to preserve and transmit information. Today, leather-bound volumes and illuminated manuscripts are giving way to animated image maps and hot links. Vannevar Bush's memex has inspired the WWW, which provides users with vast information resources and convenient communications. In looking to the future, we might again transform society by building genexes - generators of excellence. Such inspirational environments would empower peronsal and collaborative creativity by enabling users to:
- Collect information from an existing domain of knowledge
- Create innovations using advanced tools
- Consult with peers or mentors in the field
- Disseminate the results widely
This article describes how a framework for an integrated set of software tools might support this 4-phase model of creativity in science, medicine, the arts, and beyond. Current initiatives are positive and encouraging, but they do not work in an integrated fashion, often miss vital components, and are frequently poorly designed. A well-conceived and clearly stated framework could guide design efforts, coordinator planning and speed development.